Monday, 12th April 2010
A rule for (some) Chinese tones
I have just come across an interesting rule for the tones of some words on a Popup Chinese podcast. The rule was only mentioned in passing, perhaps because it only applies to a small number of words. The rule is for when a single character can represent a noun or a related verb, which have the same pronunciation, but a different tone:
The verb is third tone, while the noun is forth tone
It's perhaps wrong to call this a rule, since it only applies to a few words, and for all I know there may be counter-examples. However, I was surprised that there was any such regularity in the Chinese tones; the example given was a word with which I have often confused the tones:
处 - to reside, to live (also to get along with)
处 - place, bureau (also respect)
Also:
数 - to count, (also to criticize)
数 - number, figure, several
Since hearing this 'rule', I have only been able to think of one more possible example and I'm not sure you can really separate the words into noun and verb:
假 - fake, to borrow, suppose
假 - vacation
Discovering that such a rule exists makes me wonder whether there are similar rules for other words that I often confuse. I looked for more characters with multiple tones and it seems that most have first and forth tones):
差 - difference, to differ, error, to err
差 - differ from, short of, to lack
发 - send out, develop
发 - hair
间 - between
间 - gap, to separate
空 - air, sky, empty, free time
空 - emptied, leisure
要 - demand, ask, coerce
要 - important, to want, going to (as future auxiliary), may, must
I've also come across this pair, which has a different tone combination (although the verb does have a third tone):
强 - strong, violent
强 - to strive
I guess I will just have to learn the differences.

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